Assalam-u-Alaikum, Pakistan Broadcasting Service, we are live from Lahore.
At 12 at night between 13 and 14 August of years 1947… the dawn of independent Morning
.Touching scenes in Lahore, and then… the dawn of the morning of Independence.
1857
on January 23, 1857
the refusal of the Sepoys to use the grease-covered cartridges (greased with the fat of pig and cow). The main causes of the War were political, social, economic, military, and religious.
Mangal Pandey
first bullet Mangal Pandey fired then The First War of Independence is started,
The Revolt of 1857 is badly falling because it was locally poorly organized and there is no brotherhood between Hindu and Muslims, Due to lack of communication facilities.
10 May 1857
British victory revolt Formal end under the British law the Mughal Empire End of Company rule in India Transfer of the rule to the British Crown. The last Mughal emperor… when he was arrested by the East India Company, the British government had taken control,
When Bahadur Shah Zafar was arrested, he was accompanied by three princes. And in the morning, heads of princes and princesses were presented in the tray covered with clothes.
Revolt
The revolt against the British began in the military first. All the armed men who rebelled had been killed. They were hanged and those who had tried to run away had been shot instantly without any court-martial.
Muslims face too many problems because the government is Snatched to them, they face jobs problem, no right to take govt gob, British think that war of independence is only planned by Muslims. Hindus get the opportunity at this moment and become loyal to Britisher and get to many benefits in the shape of govt jobs and etc...They should not be given rights equal to Hindus.
Now at this time, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan felt that he has to do something for Muslims.
“Asbab-e-Baghawat-e-Hind”.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan wrote a magazine called “Asbab-e-Baghawat-e-Hind”.
stop Muslims from participating in politics Muslims understand (the golden period is gone away)He thought that Muslims have to be completely excluded from the power structure.
they focus only on Education. Hindu is moving forward and get a job. He said that it is not possible without education. He founded the Muslim Scientific Society
1885
That Indian National Congress is founded by Mr. O.H Hume
When the party is created, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan told Muslims not to join the party towards gaining education instead of participating in politics because the party is not in the concernt in the Muslims and not trying to solve the problems of all the Sub-continent.
NOW Muslims feel that there is no connection between Muslims and Brithies and Congress is not supported Muslims so they decided to build a new platform for Muslims.
Sir Agha Khan is selected to represent Muslims’ point of view regarding the need for a Separate Muslim platform in front of Lord Minto.
Separate electorate party for the basic rights of Muslims in India
Sir Agha Khan said that we want to form a party in front of the British,
the British replied by asking him, “why you need a party?”When Indian National Congress in the sub-continent represents all the communities, why do you need a separate party? Why did you think of it?
Because if there is a mixed electorate then the Hindu Muslim ratio in India is 1/5.
The second major demand by Simla Delegation was that Muslims should be given a special quota in the administrative positions of the British Government.
A sign of courage had been developed in Muslims.
British have allowed Muslims to create their own party Muslims celebrate these event Headlines were published in various papers that Muslims have been allowed to make a party by the British.
30 December 1906
Educational Conference is held in Dhaka and decided to make a platform for Muslims.
Objects of All India Muslim League.
1. To promote the loyalty of Indian Muslims towards the British government.
2. To protect the political and other rights of the Indian Muslims and to place their needs and aspirations before the Government.
3. To overcome the feeling of hostility among Muslims towards other communities.
"All India Muslim League members"
-Abdus Samad Khan.
-Khabeeruddin Ahmed.
-Ziauddin Ahmad.
-Ayub Ali Master.
-Amjad Ali (Assamese politician)
-Mahmud Ali (statesman)
-Malik Barkat Ali.Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari.
1908
Some changes are made in objects.
1909
Indian Councils Act of 1909, also called Morley-Minto Reforms, series of reform measures enacted in 1909 by the British Parliament, the main component of which directly introduced the elective principle to membership in the imperial and local legislative councils in India.
"Black Bills".
This law was passed in March 1919 by the Imperial Legislative Council which gave them the power to arrest any person without any trial. These bills came to be known as "Black Bills". This bill gave enormous powers to the police to search a place and arrest any person they disapproved of without a warrant. Despite much opposition, the Rowlatt Act was passed on 18 March 1919. The purpose of the act was to curb the growing nationalist upsurge in the country.
1912
For the sake of the broad road, Musjaid in Kanpur is Collapsed and Muslims face how Britishers envy and enemy of them.
1913
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah is taking part in Muslim League.
1914-1918
First World War
The war badly effect on Indians and was negatively impacted by massive recruitment efforts, high taxes and a rise in prices The war had drained India of troops and at one point a mere 15,000 soldiers were physically present in the subcontinent.
1916
The Lucknow Pact was an agreement reached between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League (AIMLM) at a joint session of both parties Through the pact, the two parties agreed to allow representation to religious minorities in the provincial legislatures.
1918
End of the first world war and Britain win. Germany and France suffered a great deal of damage from the war or face familiar. Turkey is divided and Ottoman Empire had lost its caliphate is the end.
1919 Khilafah Movement
22 Dec 1919
Lucknow committee is found ALL INDIA KHILAFAT KAMATE is founded.
The object of the Comment is
Govt promised that there will not be any kind of disintegration of the Turkish empire.
1920
The non-cooperation movement lasted from 4 September 1920 to February 1922.
started by Mahatma Gandhi to have Indians revoke their cooperation with the British government. It was a political campaign. this movement involved
- boycott of Government and educational institutions,
-boycott Law Courts, legislatures,
-It was the emphasis on the use of Charkha (spinning wheel),
- Khadi (handspun cloth),
-surrender of titles,
-honors and honorary posts,
-boycott of British goods
-Boycott of Council elections to be held as per the suggestions of the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1919.
-the campaign of 'Jail Bharo' (fill the jails) by the Congress volunteers.
-Causes of Non-Cooperation Movement
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and Resultant Punjab Disturbances.
-Dissatisfaction with Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms.
-Rowlatt Act.
-Khilafat Agitation.
The Non-Cooperation movement was suspended in February 1922
Mahatma Gandhi was the one who put an end to this movement because of the start of the Chauri Chaura incident. ... The Chauri Chaura incident was the reason for the Non-cooperation movement getting suspended.
1920 Khilafah Movement is End.
1926 Suggestions Delhi
Presented by Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Terms
-Sind should be separated from Bombay and should be constituted into an independent province.
-Reforms should be introduced in the North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan on the same footing as in any other province of India.
-Reservation of seats according to the population for different communities in the Punjab and Bengal.
-Muslims should be given 1/3rd representation in the Central Legislature.
1927 Simon Corruption
A seven-member delegation led by John Simon came to India or this delegation was formed keeping in view the political parties of India. The commission failed and refused to accept its report. The protest began, So they said;
Instead, the Indian government Presents a perpetual scheme.
1928
Motilal Nehru is given the report, which was prepared by a committee of the All Parties Conference chaired by Motilal Nehru with his son Jawaharlal Nehru acting as a secretary.
Nehru report
· Recommendations that threatened Muslim interests are:
- No Separate electorate
- No One-third of seats for Muslims in the Central Assembly
No reservations of seats for Muslims in Punjab and Bengal. In
Hindu- majority provinces, Muslims may be given seats according to population
-Sindh is to be made a province if it can bear its expenses.
-Balochistan, NWFP was accepted to be given constitutional status on certain conditions.
Jinnah remarked, "It is parting of the ways."
He presented the 14 points as a Muslim leader. These points reflected the aspirations of every Muslim living in India.
1928
in response to Nehru Report Jinnah decided to issue 14 points Jinnah gave his points in order to safeguard and protect the rights and interests of Muslims. The 14 Points were the first-ever demand of the Muslim League put to the British.
He gave FOURTEEN POINTS to protect the political and democratic rights of the Muslim community.
1: The form of the future constitution should be federal, with the residuary powers vested in the provinces.
2: A uniform measure of autonomy shall be guaranteed to all provinces.
3: All legislatures in the country and other elected bodies shall be constituted on the definite principle of adequate and effective representation of minorities in every province without reducing the majority in any province to a minority or even equality.
4: In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than one-third.
5: Representation of communal groups shall continue to be by separate electorates: provided that it shall be open to any community, at any time, to abandon its separate electorate in favor of joint electorate.
6: Any territorial redistribution that might at any time be necessary shall not in any way affect the Muslim majority in Punjab, Bengal, and NWFP provinces.
7: Full religious liberty shall be guaranteed to all communities.
8: No bill or resolution shall be passed in any legislature if three-fourths of the members of any community in that body oppose the bill.
9: Sindh should be separated from the Bombay Presidency.
10: Reforms should be introduced in the NWFP and Balochistan on the same footings as in the other provinces.
11: Muslims should be given an adequate share in all services, having due regard to the requirement of efficiency.
12: The Constitution should embody adequate safeguards for the protection of Muslim culture, education, language, religion, and personal laws, as well as for Muslim charitable institutions.
13: One-third of representation shall be given to Muslims in both central and provincial cabinets.
14: No change shall be made in the constitution without the consent of the provinces.
1930
"I would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sindh and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single state. Self-government within the British empire without the British empire, the formation of a consolidated Northwest Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims at least of northwest India."
1930 First Round Table Conference.
The first round table conference was held in London in 1930 in support of the position of the Muslims Quaid-e-Azam attend this and In addition, a committee on various issues was set up in the conference.
1931 Second Round Table
The second round table conference started on 7 Sep and continued till December 1, 1931. It was attended by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Sir Muhammad Shafi, Maulana Shaukat Ali, and Allama Iqbal from the Muslim League
1932 Third Round Table.
Chaudhry Rehmat Ali wrote a pamphlet NOW OR NEVER.
1935 White Paper
1. Separate selection method accepted
2. Sindh will be separated from Bombay
3. Punjab and Bengal will be represented in terms of population
4. The British Parliament passed the All India Teaching Act, 1935
1937 Elections The attitude of the Congress government
According to the Laws of India, the Muslim League won the elections in the Muslim-majority constituencies but failed in the Punjab NWFP and Bengal.
1939 Abolition of Congress Ministries
Abolition of Congress Ministries 1937 to 1939
1939 World War II began
1939 Salvation Day
Excellent work 👍
ReplyDeleteGood
ReplyDeleteNice Research well done
ReplyDelete