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| narration change in time and place |
Rule No. 5.
Change in Place and Time:
|
Me →Him/
Her Us→ Them |
|
Change of place
and time words Here there |
|
Today →That
day |
|
Now→ Then |
|
This→ That |
|
These→
Those |
|
Thus→ So |
|
This Morning→ That Morning |
|
Yesterday →The
day before |
|
Tomorrow →The
next day |
|
Next week →The following week |
|
Next month →The following month |
A.Change in Place:
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, the
place expressions often need to be adjusted to reflect the shift in
perspective. Here’s a guide to how place expressions typically change:
Place Changes in Indirect
Speech
1. Here → There
- Direct: She
said, “I am here at the office.”
- Indirect:
She said that she was there at the office.
2. There → Here
- Direct: He
said, “I will meet you there.”
- Indirect:
He said that he would meet me here.
3. This place → That place
- Direct: She
said, “I will be at this place tomorrow.”
- Indirect:
She said that she would be at that place the next day.
4. That place → This place
- Direct: He
said, “I visited that place last year.”
- Indirect:
He said that he had visited this place the year before.
5. In this city → In that city
- Direct: She
said, “I live in this city.”
- Indirect:
She said that she lived in that city.
6. In that city → In this city
- Direct: He
said, “I used to live in that city.”
- Indirect:
He said that he used to live in this city.
7. Nearby** → Nearby / Close by
- Direct: She
said, “The restaurant is nearby.”
- Indirect:
She said that the restaurant was nearby.
8. Far away → Far away / Distant
- Direct: He
said, “The island is far away.”
- Indirect:
He said that the island was far away.
9. At my house → At his/her place
- Direct: She
said, “Come over to my house.”
- Indirect:
She said to come over to her place.
10. At your place → At my place
- Direct: He
said, “I will be at your place.”
- Indirect:
He said that he would be at my place.
11. In the office → In the office
- Direct:
She said, “I’m working in the office.”
- Indirect:
She said that she was working in the office.
12. In the park → In the park
- Direct: He
said, “We are going to the park.”
- Indirect:
He said that they were going to the park.
Examples
1. Direct: “I will meet you at the cafe tomorrow,”
she said.
Indirect: She said that she would meet me at the cafe the next day.
2. Direct: “The meeting is in this room,” he said.
- Indirect: He said that the meeting was in that room.
3. Direct: “We will arrive at your place at noon,”
they said.
- Indirect: They said that they would arrive at my place at noon.
4. Direct: “I saw him at that location last week,”
she said.
- Indirect: She said that she had seen him at that location the week before.
5. Direct: “The new office is in this building,”
he said.
- Indirect: He said that the new office was in that building.
6. Direct: “We had lunch in this restaurant,” she
said.
- Indirect: She said that they had had lunch in that restaurant.
7. Direct: “I will stay at your house while I’m in
town,” he said.
- Indirect: He said that he would stay at my house while he was in town.
8. Direct: “We’ll meet in the park later,” they
said.
- Indirect: They said that they would meet in the park later.
B. Change in Time:
If there is time mentioned in the sentence of Direct
speech, the time will be changed in Indirect Speech. Certain rules are changing the time. i.e. not into then, tomorrow into the next day, today
into that day, yesterday into the previous day.
Examples:
1. Direct
Speech:
She said, “I am buying a laptop today”.
Indirect Speech:
She said that she was buying a laptop that day.
2. Direct
Speech:
He said, “I
need your help now”.
Indirect Speech:
He said that he
needed my help then.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, the
time expressions often change to reflect the shift in perspective. Here’s a
guide to how time expressions typically change:
Time Changes in
Indirect Speech
1. Today → That day
Direct: She said, “I am going to the
meeting today.”
Indirect: She said that she was going to
the meeting that day.
2. Tomorrow → The next day / The following
day
Direct: He said, “I will call you tomorrow.”
Indirect: He said that he would call me
the next day.
3. Yesterday → The day before
Direct:
She said, “I saw him yesterday.”
Indirect: She said that she had seen him
the day before.
4. The day before yesterday → Two days
before / Two days earlier
Direct:
He said, “I met her the day before yesterday.”
Indirect: He said that he had met her two
days earlier.
5. Next week → The following week
Direct: She said, “I will start my new job next
week.”
Indirect: She said that she would start
her new job the following week.
6. Last week → The week before
-Direct:
He said, “I was on vacation last week.”
Indirect: He said that he had been on
vacation the week before.
7. Now → Then
Direct: She said, “I am studying now.”
Indirect: She said that she was studying
then.
8. Soon → Soon / Shortly
Direct: He said, “I will be there soon.”
Indirect:
He said that he would be there soon.
9. In an hour→ In an hour / After an hour
Direct: She said, “I will finish this in an hour.”
Indirect: She said that she would finish it in an
hour.
10. In a week→ In a week / After a week
Direct: He said, “We will meet again in a week.”
Indirect: He said that they would meet again in a
week.
11. Next month → The following month
Direct: She said, “I am moving next month.”
Indirect: She said that she was moving the
following month.
12. Last month → The month before
Direct: He said, “I visited Paris last month.”
Indirect:
He said that he had visited Paris the month before.
13. This year → That year
Direct: She said, “I will graduate this year.”
Indirect: She said that she would graduate that
year.
14. Last year → The year before
Direct: He said, “I started this job last year.”
Indirect: He said that he had started the job the
year before.
15. In a few minutes → In a few minutes /
Shortly
Direct: She said, “I will be ready in a few
minutes.”
Indirect: She said that she would be ready
in a few minutes.
Examples
1. Direct: “I will finish the report by 5 PM,”
he said.
Indirect:
He said that he would finish the report by 5 PM.
2. Direct: “I went to the conference last
month,” she said.
Indirect: She said that she had gone to
the conference the month before.
3. Direct: “I am traveling to New York next
week,” he said.
Indirect:
He said that he was traveling to New York the following week.
4. Direct: “She called me yesterday,” he said.
Indirect:
He said that she had called him the day before.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, the
place expressions often need to be adjusted to reflect the shift in
perspective. Here’s a guide to how place expressions typically change:
Place Changes in Indirect Speech
1. Here → There
- Direct: She
said, “I am here at the office.”
- Indirect:
She said that she was there at the office.
2. There → Here
- Direct: He
said, “I will meet you there.”
- Indirect:
He said that he would meet me here.
3. This place → That place
- Direct: She
said, “I will be at this place tomorrow.”
- Indirect:
She said that she would be at that place the next day.
4. That place → This place
- Direct: He
said, “I visited that place last year.”
- Indirect:
He said that he had visited this place the year before.
5. In this city → In that city
- Direct: She
said, “I live in this city.”
- Indirect:
She said that she lived in that city.
6. In that city → In this city
- Direct: He
said, “I used to live in that city.”
- Indirect:
He said that he used to live in this city.
7. Nearby → Nearby / Closeby
- Direct: She
said, “The restaurant is nearby.”
- Indirect:
She said that the restaurant was nearby.
8. Far away → Far away / Distant
- Direct: He
said, “The island is far away.”
- Indirect:
He said that the island was far away.
9. At my house → At his/her place
- Direct: She
said, “Come over to my house.”
- Indirect:
She said to come over to her place.
10. At your place → At my place
- Direct: He
said, “I will be at your place.”
- Indirect:
He said that he would be at my place.
11. In the office →In the office
- Direct:
She said, “I’m working in the office.”
- Indirect:
She said that she was working in the office.
12. In the park→ In the park
- Direct: He
said, “We are going to the park.”
- Indirect:
He said that they were going to the park.
Examples
1. Direct: “I will meet you at the cafe tomorrow,”
she said.
- Indirect: She said that she would meet me at the cafe the next day.
2. Direct: “The meeting is in this room,” he said.
- Indirect: He said that the meeting was in that room.
3. Direct: “We will arrive at your place at noon,”
they said.
- Indirect: They said that they would arrive at my place at noon.
4. Direct: “I saw him at that location last week,”
she said.
- Indirect: She said that she had seen him at that location the week before.
5. Direct: “The new office is in this building,”
he said.
- Indirect: He said that the new office was in that building.
6. Direct: “We had lunch in this restaurant,” she
said.
- Indirect: She said that they had had lunch in that restaurant.
7. Direct: “I will stay at your house while I’m in
town,” he said.
- Indirect: He said that he would stay at my house while he was in town.
8. Direct: “We’ll meet in the park later,” they
said.
- Indirect: They said that they would meet in the park later.
