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| chemistry target paper. |
1. Define equilibrium with example.
2. Why chemical equilibrium is dynamic.
3. Reversible & irreversible reaction
4. Dynamic equilibrium & Static equilibrium
5. Forward reaction and Reversible reaction.
6. Law of mass action
7. Define the Equilibrium constant and its unit.
8. How dynamic equilibrium constant is established.
9. Relationship between active mass and rate of reaction
10. How direction of a reaction can be predicted?
Define:
Active
mass
Important long questions:
1. What is meant by a complete & incomplete reaction? Why do reactions not go
to completion?
2. Give the macroscopic characteristics of forward reactions, reverse reactions
& dynamic equilibrium.
3. State the law of mass action and derive the expression for the equilibrium
constant for a given reaction A +B>< C+D / general reaction.
4. Explain the importance of the equilibrium constant.
5. Describe a reversible reaction with the help of an example & graph.
NUMERICAL:
COMPLETE
1.
Define Acid & base according to Arrhenius.
2. Write the limitations of Arrhenius's concept.
3. What is Bronsted Lowry Theory?
4. Differentiate b/w Lewis acid & base.
5. Why H+ ion acts as a Lewis acid.
6. Give four uses of sulphuric acid.
7. Define ph. What is the pH of pure water?
8. Define the pH of the solution.
9. Define indicators.
10. What are salts? Give two examples.
11. Give four uses of salts.
12. Write four uses of sodium silicate, calcium chloride, calcium oxide
13. Differentiate b/w acidic salts & basic salts.
14. What is neutralization?
15.
Explain Buffers.
Important long questions:
1. Compare the physical properties of acids & bases with examples.
2. Explain the Arrhenius concept of acids & bases with examples. What are the limitations of this concept?
3. Explain Lewis's concept of an acid & a base.
4. What are indicators? How they are used to determine the pH of acidic, basic, and
neutral solutions.
5. Define salts. Explain the characteristics and uses of some important
salts.
6. Give the
application/uses of some important bases.
7. Explain Bronsted Lowry's concept of an acid and base with examples.
NUMERICAL:
COMPLETE
1.
Define the Vital force theory.
2. Write a definition of organic chemistry and organic compounds.
3.
Write down the general characteristics of organic compounds.
4.
Representation of organic compound.
5.
Sources of organic compound. (Petroleum, Natural gas, Plant.)
6.
Uses of organic compound.
7.
Saturated and Unsaturated hydrocarbons.
8.
Define:
·
Nomenclature.
·
Functional groups (alkanes,
alkenes alkynes.)
9.
Define Catenation and give 2 examples of it.
10. Write a functional group of alcohol.
11. How coal is formed?
12. What is the dot & cross formula?
13. Define open chain/acyclic compound.
14. Define alicyclic/Non-Benzenoid compounds.
15. Define Heterocyclic compounds with example
16. Define isomerism. How many isomers does pentane have?
Definition
of Biochemistry.
1.
Carbohydrates
a.
Carbohydrates, sources, and its
uses.
b.
Classification of Carbohydrates.
2.
Proteins.
a.
Proteins sources and their uses.
b.
Difference between fats and oil.
3.
Difference between Lipids vs fatty acids.
4.
Lipids
a.
Lipids sources and their uses.
5.
Nucleic Acid and their types.
6.
Importance of DNA.
7.
How you justify RNA works like a messenger.
8.
Vitamin
a.
D gives its sources and
importance.
b.
Deficiency of different types of
vitamins causes diseases in humans
9.
Fat-soluble and water-soluble.
10. What are the
polysaccharides? How monosaccharides are prepared?
11. Amino acid Explain how are they building blocks of proteins.
1.
Atmosphere & its composition, Name the layer of the Atmosphere.
2. Deference between Troposphere and Stratosphere.
3. Name the major constituents of the troposphere.
4.
Define pollutants and their types.
5. Differentiate b/w primary & secondary pollutants.
6. Describe Major air pollutants and their effect on human health.
7.
Acid rain and its effect.
8.
Ozone Formation, Depletion and its effect.
9.
Greenhouse effect, Global warming & its effects.
Additional questions:
1. Why CO
2. How CO
3. Define the Ozone hole & where was it noticed first?
4. Effects of ozone depletion
5. Where the ozone layer is found?
6. How does acid rain increase the acidity of soil?
7. Why CO
8. How are Sulphur sulfur-containing compounds emitted naturally?
1. Describe the Importance of water and the composition of water.
2. Water as a solvent.
3. Difference between Soft water & hard water.
4. How can we remove the temporary hardness of water? Clark’s method? Disadvantages of water hardness.
5. WATER POLLUTANT.
a. Industrial waste
b. Household waste.
c. Agricultural waste.
6. Name some waterborne diseases.
