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| biology 10 class. |
X – BIOLOGY TARGET PAPER, KARACHI BORAD.
From the desk of M.A F Saleem.
Powerandcommand.blospot.com
1. GASEOUS EXCHANGE IN PLANTS
Stomata:
a. Why do the stomata generally open during the daytime.
b. Which parts of the plant intake CO2 and give out O2, take in O2 oxygen, and give out CO2 during daytime?
2. GASEOUS EXCHANGE IN ANIMALS
a. Name five animals, which use their body, surface for gaseous exchange
b. Properties of Respiratory surface:
1) Thin, 2) Wet, 3) Permeable,
4) Large in relation to the volume of the body
c. Why do we have to breathe through nostrils rather than oral cavity?
1. Long
Human Respiratory System:
⦁ LUNGS.
a. Trachea:
b. Bronchi:
c. Bronchiole:
1. Process of Breathing: (difference between them)
a. Inspiration b. Expiration.
2. Differentiate between breathing, gaseous exchange and respiration?
3. Difference between photosynthesis and respiration.
4. Define Artificial Ventilator.
5. Rate of Breathing at Rest and During Exercise?
6. Gaseous exchange in alveoli.
7. After anaerobic activity, oxygen is needed to neutralize the lactic acid. This is called an oxygen debt. It is repaid after exercise.
What is “oxygen debt”?
8. RESPIRATORY DISORDERS:
a. Bronchitis:
b. Emphysema:
c. Pneumonia:
d. Asthma:
e. Lung Cancer.
f. Smoking is dangerous. How it is related with respiratory disorders.
Chapter # 2 HOMEOSTASIS
1.Definition of homeostasis and aspect of its
- HOMEOSTASIS IN PLANT.
1. Excretion or storage of COImage
2. Removal of Extra water.
3. Plant remove water vapor instead of liquid because during the transportation process “the water that comes out evaporates instantly t is a process by which plants breathe.
1. Why plant remove liquid water instead of water vapors.
4. How plant survive in saltish water.
5. Osmotic adjustment in plants.
-HOMEOSTASIS IN ANIMALS.
THE SKIN PLAYSA ROLE IN EXCERTATION THROUGH THE PRODUCTION OF SWEAT BY SWEAT GLANDS.
Q. Why skin consider excretory organ?
1. Definition of Osmoregulation in animals.
a. Osmoregulation In fresh water.
2. Difference between Unicellular vs Multicellular
b. Osmoregulation In marine water.
3. Bony fish and cartilage fish.
c. Osmoregulation In terrestrial condition.
⦁ HOMEOSTASIS IN MEN.
The dermis is a fibrous structure composed of collagen, elastic tissue, and other extracellular components that includes vasculature, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands. The role of the dermis is to support and protect the skin and deeper layers, assist in thermoregulation, and aid in sensation.
Q. What type of structure are present in dermis to perform different function?
1. Define structure of human skin.
2. How skin plays role as thermos regulatory organ.
a. If temperature increase b. If temperature decrease
3. Briefly describe urinary system in men.
4. Define structure of kidney with diagram.
5. Structure of Nephron with diagram and describe the blood vessels in nephron and their function.
6. Define role of kidney in urine formation.
i) Ultra filtration ii) Ultra Selective
7. Role of kidney Osmoregulation
8. Disorder of kidney.
a. Kidney stone.
b. Treatment of kidney stone.
c. Kidney Failure.
d. Kidney dialysis.
Chapter # 3 CO-ORDINATION
1. Define
⦁ Stimulus:
⦁ Response:
2. TYPES OF COORDINATION
⦁ Difference between Nervous and Chemical Coordination? Which coordination type is better, faster and why?
⦁ Why sun flower move with the sun.
a. Central Nervous System:
A .Brain:
1. Cerebrum:
2. Thalamus:
3. Hypothalamus:
4. Hippocampus
5. Amygdala
6. Mid brain:
7. Cerebellum:
8. Medulla oblongata:
9. Pons:
B. SPINAL CORD
⦁ Define Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system.
⦁ Define Neuron:
⦁ What is Reflex action? Difference between Reflex Action and Reflex Arc? How reflex action work s by reflex arc?
b. RECEPTORS OF THE HUMAN BODY
a. Eye.
⦁ Pupil reflex
⦁ Accommodation.
⦁ Role of vitamin A with vision.
⦁ Shortsightedness and long-sightedness.
⦁ Color blindness, why driving licenses is not issued to color blind person.
Contribution of Ibn-al-Haitham and Ali-Ibn-Isa about the structure of eye and treatment of ophthalmic diseases.
b. Ear.
⦁ Outer ear
⦁ Middle ear.
⦁ Inner ear.
⦁ Role of ear in balance
c. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.
d. The endocrine system is responsible for regulating many of the body's processes. The list below provides a selection of the roles of glands in the endocrine system: Pancreas – regulates blood glucose levels. Adrenal gland – increases blood glucose levels and speeds up heart rate
What is endocrine system discuss the glands involved in regulation of blood glucose and how?
a. Pituitary gland.
b. Posterior Pituitary gland.
c. Thyroid Gland.(why they swell give the name of dieses)
d. Islets of Langerhans
Islets of Langerhans are islands of endocrine cells scattered throughout the pancreas
a. Pancreas.(Role of islets of Langerhans)
i. -Disorder of Pancreas.
ii. Diabetes mellitus.
iii. Food controlling diabetes.
b. Adrenal gland.
c. Gonads.
d. Testis.
e. Ovaries.
4. What do you known about the feedback system?
5. What is emergency hormone and why it is named so?
Adrenaline is known as the emergency hormone because it is released by the adrenal glands under the conditions of stress or excitement. This hormone is also a part of the body's stress response called the fight or flight response.
5. DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
a. Paralysis (reasons.)
b. Epilepsy
Chapter # 4 SUPPORT AND MOVMENT.
1. Skeleton and its types-3
2. Different between Cartilage and Bones.
3. The Human Skeleton system is dynamic.
a. The axail Skeleton
b. The appendicular Skeleton
4. Escribe the flexion and extension in human arms.
5. Joints.
6. Ligament and Tendon.
7. Location of Movement of Hinge Joints.
8. Location of Movement of ball and socket joints.
9. Muscles.
i) Skeleton muscles.
ii) Cardiac muscles.
iii) Smooth muscles.
10. Disorder of Skeleton.
i) Rickets. (deficiency of vitamin D) Disorder of human bones
a. Give its causes.
ii) Arthritis. (Painful condition of joints.)
b. Common types of Arthritis.
c. Causes of Arthritis.
d. Role of obesity in Arthritis.
Chapter # 5 REPRODUCTION.
1. Definition of reproduction
2. TYPES OF REPRODUCTION
a. Asexually (ii) Sexually
3. Asexual Reproduction in Protists, Bacteria and Plants
4. Vegetative Propagation Artificial Propagation
5. Vegetative Propagation in plants (through stem, suckers and leaves)
6. Methods of Artificial Vegetative Propagation:
7. Apomixes (Parthenogenesis) is the type of asexual reproduction.
8. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
9. Structure of Ovule.
10. Structure of pollen grain.
a. POLLINATION
11. Types of Pollination (i) Self-pollination (ii) Cross pollination
a. Fruit Formation
12. Formation of fruit without fertilization
13. Adaptation in the structure of wind pollinated and insect pollinated Flowers
14. Adaptive characters of wind and water pollinated plants
15. Adaptive character in insect pollinated plants
a. Seed and its structure
b. Germination of seed
c. Conditions necessary for seed germination
16. Epigeal Germination VS Hypogeal Germination
a. REPRODUTION IN ANIMALS
17. Asexual reproduction sexual reproduction
a. GAMETOGENESIS IN RABBIT
18. Different between Spermatogenesis or Oogenesis
19. List out Male and female reproductive Organs in Rabbit?
20. Define Fertilization.
21. What are STD's?
22. Why population control is considered important for prosperous society?
23. Draw life cycle of Angiosperm plant.(pg. no#94)
24. Describe different types of asexual reproduction in animals.
25. What is germination? Give the condition of germination also describe the methods of different germination.
Chapter # 6 INHERITANCE
SHORT QUESTIONS:
1. What is gene and how it works?
2. Define following terms.
(a) Homologous Chromosome
(b) Dominant allele
(c) (e) Recessive allele
(d) (g) Heterozygous
3. Which of the phenomena of inheritance is there where both factor express in heterozygous condition.
4. List out the factors, which are involved in theory of natural selection.
5. Relate artificial selection with natural selection.
Long Question:
1. Describe the Watson and Crick model of DNA.
2. How gene express describe in detail.
3. State and explain the law of segregation of Mendel's.
4. Explain the inheritance of dihybrid cross by law.
5. Explain the Darwin of theory of natural selection.
Chapter # 7 MEN AND ENVIRONMENT
SHORT QUESTIONS:
1. What is the effect of light on ecosystem?
2. Which one is the first trophic level of ecosystem and how?
3. What do we mean by nitrogen fixation and how it occurs in an ecosystem?
4. What is interaction?
5. What is pyramid of number?
6. What is greenhouse effect?
7. What is algal ecosystem bloom and how it destroy the life of an aquatic ecosystem?
Long Question:
1. Describe biotic factors of an ecosystem.
2. Describe nitrogen cycle as biogeochemical cycle in detail
3. What is pollution? Describe different types of hazardous effects caused by air pollution.
Chapter # 8 BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Definition,
2. a .Fermentation. b. Fermentor
3. Fermentation scope and importance of biotechnology.
4. Fermentation and its application
5. Fermentation As a food preservation technique and product of fermentation.
6. Define genetic engineering tool and major achievement in it.
Chapter # 9 PHARMACOLOGY
1. Definition of Pharmacology.
2. Painkiller.
3. Antibiotics and their misuse.
4. Vaccine.
5. Immunization.
6. Sedative and problem associated to it.
7. Narcotic
8. Hallucinogen
9. Marijuana
10. Addiction and their symptoms.
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